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Orbit Type Definition

The Minor Planet Center classifies orbits based on osculating orbital elements. Objects are grouped into three main regions of the solar system.

The following parameter definitions are used in the classification criteria: - a -- semimajor axis (AU) - q -- perihelion distance (AU) - Q -- aphelion distance (AU) - e -- eccentricity - i -- inclination (degrees) - T -- Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter - q_Mars = 1.405 AU (Mars perihelion distance) - a_Jupiter = 5.204 AU - a_Neptune = 30.178 AU


Inner Solar System

Objects with orbits primarily interior to Mars' orbit.

Type Code Definition
Atira 0 a < 1 and Q < 0.983
Aten 1 a < 1 and Q >= 0.983
Apollo 2 a >= 1 and q < 1.017
Amor 3 a >= 1 and 1.017 <= q < 1.3
Other 9 a >= 1 and Q < q_Mars, unclassified otherwise

Middle Solar System

OObjects that occupy the orbital region of Mars-crossers up to that of the Jovian Trojans.

Type Code Definition
Mars Crosser 10 1 <= a < 3.2 and 1.3 < q < 1.666
Main Belt 11 1 <= a < 3.27831 and i < 75
Jupiter Trojan 12 4.8 < a < 5.4 and e < 0.3
Other 19 a < a_Jupiter, unclassified otherwise

Outer Solar System

Objects beyond Jupiter, excluding Jupiter-Coupled objects which may have smaller semimajor axes.

Type Code Definition
Jupiter Coupled 20 a >= 1 and 2 < T < 3
Neptune Trojan 21 29.8 < a < 30.4
Centaur 22 a_Jupiter <= a < a_Neptune
TNO 23 a >= a_Neptune, unclassified otherwise

Special and Unusual Orbits

Type Code Definition
Hyperbolic 30 e > 1
Parabolic 31 e = 1
Other 99 Classification failure